mooncakes are to mid-autumn festival what mince pies are to christmas. the seasonal round cakes traditionally have a sweet filling of lotus seed paste or red bean paste and often have one or more salted duck eggs in the center to represent the moon. and the moon is what this celebration is all about. mid-autumn festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month,it is the time when the moon is said to be at its brightest and fullest.
there are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes. one tang dynasty myth holds that the earth once had 10 suns circling it. one day all 10 suns appeared at once,scorching the planet with their heat. it was thanks to a skillful archer named hou yi that the earth was saved. he shot down all but one of the suns. as his reward,the heavenly queen mother gave hou yi the elixir of immortality,but she warned him that he must use it wisely. hou yi ignored her advice and,corrupted by fame and fortune,became a tyrannical leader. chang-er,his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath. and thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon,the moon fairy.
the second legend has it that during the yuan dynasty,an underground group led by zhu yuan zang was determined to rid the country of mongolian dominance. the moon cake was created to carry a secret message. when the cake was opened and the message read,an uprising was unleashed which successfully routed the mongolians. it happened at the time of the full moon,which,some say,explains why mooncakes are eaten at this time. mooncakes are usually stamped with chinese characters indicating the name of the bakery and the type of filling used. some bakeries will even stamp them with your family name so that you can give personalised ones to friends and family. they are usually presented in boxes of four which indicate the four phases of the moon. traditional mooncakes are made with melted lard,but today vegetable oil is more often used in the interests of health. mooncakes are not for the diet-conscious as they are loaded with calories. the best way to wash down one of these sticky cakes is with a cup of chinese tea,especially jasmine or chrysanthemum tea,which aids the digestion.
中秋节吃月饼就像西方人圣诞节吃百果馅饼一样,是必不可少的。圆圆的月饼中通常包有香甜的莲子馅或是红豆馅,馅的中央还会加上一个金黄的咸鸭蛋黄来代表月亮。而月亮正是中秋节庆祝的主题。每年农历8月15日人们一起庆祝中秋,据说这一天的月亮是一年中最亮最圆的。
解除了十日并出的灾难,羿马不停蹄,日夜兼程,去捕猎肆虐人间的怪兽。中原地区,以窒窳、封稀为害最烈。窒窳本是黄帝辖下的一国诸侯,不幸被贰负和危暗杀了。黄帝怜悯他无辜丧命,请巫彭、巫抵、巫阳、巫履、巫凡、巫相六大神医上昆仑山会诊,研制出不死神药使他死而复生。窒窳的命是捡回来了,却完全迷失了本性,刚一醒来,就连滚带爬地窜下山,一头扎进弱水,变成了一条龙首虎爪、号声如婴儿啼哭的吃人怪兽。羿深入窒窳巢穴,仅一箭,就令它死了第二回,这一回是死有余辜。
在中原的桑林还有一头獠牙如戟、力胜百牛、铁骨铜皮的大野猪封稀;封稀横冲直撞,拱毁庄稼、村落,所经之地顿成废墟。羿左右施射,刺瞎野猪双睛,将它生擒活捉。
诛杀窒窳、捕获封稀之后,羿转战南方,在寿华之野追及凿齿。凿齿人身兽脸,它的杀人利器是突出嘴外的两根五六尺长、形似凿子的牙齿,为了应付弓箭,它特地带上一面巨大而坚固的盾牌,它至死也没弄清楚,羿的神箭是如何穿透盾牌,扎进它心窝的。
修蛇盘据洞庭湖,掀波作浪,覆舟无数,吃人无数。它风闻神射手羿已至南方,便潜伏湖底,销声匿迹。万顷波涛掩盖妖踪,羿的神奇射技也就没有了用武之地,他毅然舍弓持剑,跃入深不可测的大湖,历千险万难,终于在滔天白浪中剑断长蛇;洞庭湖水,竟给蛇血染红了一半。
北方,九头怪九婴仍在凶水一带喷火吐水,淹乡焚城;东方,巨型鸟大风仍在青丘之泽掀起狂风,毁屋拔树。羿东征青丘泽,用青丝绳系于箭尾,一箭射中闪电式飞掠的大风。那大风力大善飞,尚欲带伤逃生,无奈箭上系绳,只能像一只风筝一样被羿收回。
九头怪九婴自恃有九颗脑袋、九条命,丝毫不惧北伐的羿,它九口齐张,喷吐出一道道毒焰、一股股浊流,交织成一张凶险的水火网,企图将羿困住。羿知道九婴有九条命,射中一个头,它非但不会死,而且能很快痊愈,故再使连环箭法,九支箭几乎同一时刻插到了九婴的九颗头上,九婴的九条性命一条也没留下。
农历八月十五,中秋节。这是人们一直都喻为最有人情味、最诗情画意的一个节日。有说,每逢佳节倍思亲。中秋节这一份思念当然会更深切,尤其是一轮明月高高挂的时刻。
中秋之所以是中秋,是因为农历八月十五这一天是在三秋制中。这一天天上的圆月分外明亮特别的大特别的圆,所以这一天也被视为撮合姻缘的大好日子。
说起中秋的来源,民间一直流传着多个不同的传说和神话故事。其中就有嫦蛾奔月、朱元璋月饼起义、唐明皇游月宫等故事。
最为人熟悉当然是嫦娥奔月,嫦娥偷了丈夫后羿的不死仙丹,飞奔到月宫的故事也有多个版本。在较早的记载中,嫦娥偷吃了仙药,变成了癞蛤蟆,被叫着月精。奔月后,嫦娥住的月宫其实是一个寂寞的地方,除了一棵桂树和一只兔子,就别无他物。可是又有另一个说法是,在月宫里还有一个叫吴刚人。
传说一
相传,远古时候有一年,天上出现了十个太阳,直烤得大地冒烟,海水枯干,老百姓眼看无法再生活去。这件事惊动了一个名叫后羿的英雄,他登上昆仑山顶,运足神力,拉开神弓,一气射下九个多余的太阳。后羿立下盖世神功,受到百姓的尊敬和爱戴,不少志士慕名前来投师学艺。奸诈刁钻、心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。不久,后羿娶了个美丽善良的妻子,名叫嫦娥。后羿除传艺狩猎外,终日和妻子在一起,人们都羡慕这对郎才女貌的恩爱夫妻。一天,后羿到昆仑山访友求道,巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘,便向王母求得一包不死药。据说,服下此药,能即刻升天成仙。然而,后羿舍不得撇下妻子,只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里,不料被蓬蒙看了。三天后,后羿率众徒外出狩猎,心怀鬼胎的蓬蒙假装生病,留了下来。待后羿率众人走后不久,蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内宅后院,威逼嫦娥交出不死药。嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手,危急之时她当机立断,转身打开百宝匣,拿出不死药一口吞了下去,嫦娥吞下药,身子立时飘离地面、冲出窗口,向天上飞去。由于嫦娥牵挂着丈夫,便飞落到离人间最近的月亮上成了仙。傍晚,后羿回到家,侍女们哭诉了白天发生的事。后羿既惊又怒,抽剑去杀恶徒,蓬蒙早逃走了。气得后羿捶胸顿足哇哇大叫。悲痛欲绝的后羿,仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字。这时他惊奇地发现,今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮,而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。后羿急忙派人到嫦娥喜爱的后花园里,摆上香案,放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果,遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥。百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后,纷纷在月下摆设香案,向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。从此,中秋节拜月的风俗在民间传开了。
传说二
中秋节原是丰收的节日。在中国农业社会,农民在丰收的季节里,总是大事庆祝一番。这个节日之所以成为佳节也和嫦娥奔月这个美丽的神话有关。传说,古时候天上有十个太阳,它们轮流出现,照亮大地和给大地带来温暖,但有一天,十个太阳却一起出现,大地上的农作物都被烤焦了。这时,有一个叫后羿的神射手,把其中九个太阳射了下来,替万民消除了灾难。人们于是把他拥立为王。后羿当上皇帝后,沉迷酒色,随意杀人,成了暴君。他希望长生不老,跑到昆仑山盗取王母娘娘的不死药,他的妻子嫦娥怕他长生不老,百姓受苦,把不死之药偷来吃了,于是她自己就轻飘飘地飞上了月宫。后来,一般妇女每逢中秋拜月,就是向月宫里的嫦娥遥祭。中秋节的传统食品是月饼,月饼是圆形的,象征团圆,反映了人们对家人团聚的美好愿望。中秋节吃月饼据说始于元代,当时,朱元璋领导汉族人民反抗元朝暴政,约定在八月十五日这一天起义,以互赠月饼的办法把字条夹在月饼中传递消息。中秋节吃月饼的习俗便在民间传开来。后来,朱元璋终于把元朝推翻,成为明朝的第一个皇帝,虽然其后满清人入主中国,但是人们仍旧庆祝这个象征推翻异族统治的节日。