2016中考英语：重点单词、短语用法大总结(一)
◆1.cost/take/spend/pay花费
花费时间做某事：It takes sbsometime to do sth.=sb spend sometime（in）doing sth.=sb spend some time on sth.
某人花钱买某物： sb spendsome money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sthcost sb . some money .
※ spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。
※ spent 还可以指度过 How did you spend your weekend ?
The sweater ________ me 90 yuan . =I_______ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _____ 90 yuan on the sweater .
He spent lots of money ________ themobilephone .
It ________ her 20 minutes to go homeeveryday . = He ________ 20 minutes ________ home every day .
◆2 . thanks for为而感谢
⑴ ______inviting me to your birthday party .
thanks to 多亏/由于
⑵______ your help.I got good grades .
◆3 . 感叹句：多么 what + 名词
how + 形容词 / 副词
⑴. ______ badweather ！⑵. ______ hard he works ！
⑶. ______ freshvegetables ！ ⑷. ______ cuteamonkey it is ！
◆4 . 因为、由于： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 )
because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to
⑴ I didnt go to school ______ I had a headache .
He was late for class ______ the badweather.
He cant come _____ heisill .
Many people have a cold _____ thecoldweather .
※because和 so不能同时连用 .
◆5 . 来自： be from = come from
⑴ Where areyou from ? = Where ______ you ______ ______ ?
⑵ He is fromTibet . = He ______ ______ Tibet .
◆6 . How often 对频率提问（ 多久一次） 回答用表示频率的副词或短语
How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） 回答用表示一段时间的状语
How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） 回答用 in+时间段
How far 询问多长距离（多长）
⑴- ______ haveyou been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .
⑵- ______ do yougo shopping ? -Sometimes.
⑶ - ______will your father come back ? - In two years .
⑷- _____ do youexercise ? - Once a week .
⑸- _____ is itfrom your home to school ? - About ten miles .
⑹- _____ are youstaying there ? - Two weeks .
◆7 . 乘交通工具： take a / the +交通工具在句中作谓语
by+交通工具=on a 交通工具在句中作方式状语
交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane
⑴ He takes abus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes tobank on a bus .
⑵ I walk toschool . = I go to school ______ .
※骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride ones bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey inones car
◆8 . 对不起： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话）
Sorry ( 表示道歉 )
⑴ ______.Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?
⑵Would you mindcleaning your room ? - ______ . Ill do itrightaway .
⑶- Dont eat in class . - _____ . Ms Clark .
⑷ _____ , isthis the way to the station ?
◆9 . 声音： sound ( 自然界各种声音 )
noise（噪音）
voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子）
⑴Lucy has a sweet______ . ⑵That ______ like agood idea .
⑶Dont make ______ . The baby is sleeping .
◆10 . look like (外貌看起来像 )
be like （ 性格像 ）
⑴Lily _____ _____Lucy . Oh , they are twins .
⑵ Tony______ ______ a monkey because he is cute and playful .
◆11 . take to 带去
bringto 带来
fetch 没有方向性（强调来回）
⑴ Tony .______ the ball here .Please .
⑵ My fatheroften ______ me ______ concerts on Sundays .
⑶ ______your homework _____ school tomorrow .
◆12. 一些： some 用于肯定句
any 用于否定句和疑问句
⑴ Id like ______ milk .
⑵Would you like______ yogurt ?
_ Thanks . I dont want______ .
※在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some .
◆13. 多少： How many修饰可数名词复数
How much 修饰不可数名词
⑴ ______juice do you want ? ⑵ ______apples doyou want ?
⑶- ______is theT-shirt ? Its 30 yuan .
※ How much可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ?
◆14．看 ：see 强调看的结果
look ( at ) 不及物动词，强调看的动作
watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影
read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志
⑴Dont______ in bed .
⑵ We will______ a basketball game this evening .
⑶ Please ______the blackboard . Everyone .
⑷ I ______ abird in the tree yesterday .
※On Saturdaynight . I saw an interesting talk show .
On Saturday evening . several kidswatcheda movie . watch a movie =go to a movie
◆15. stop doingsth 停止做某事 Please stop talking.
stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事
⑴ The girlsoon stopped ______ (cry ) . ⑵ Hewastired and stopped ______ (have ) a rest .
◆16. forget /remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：
△forget /remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事） Heforgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post officeafter school .
forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：
△forget /remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事） Heforgot turningoff the light .(已做过关灯的动作) Dont you rememberseeing the man before ?
◆17. 到达 reach + 地点
get to + 地点 reach = get to
arrive + in + 大地点
arrive + at + 小地点
⑴ He reachedLondon yesterday . = He ______ to London yesterday . =He ______ in Londonyesterday .
⑵ Shearrived ______ the bus station just now . ⑶ Youshould______ ( get ) home on time .
※当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to
◆18. 擅长，在方面做得好： be good at = do well in .
⑴ She isgood at chemistry . = She ______ ______ ______ chemistry .
⑵ Niuniu isgood at ______ the violin . = Niuniu ______ well in______ the violin .
⑶ Lucy andLily are twin girls .Lucy is better ______ dancing thanLily .but Lily ___________ in singing than Lucy .
◆19. win （赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize
beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。
⑴ Which team______ the football match ?
⑵ Wang Hao______ Ma Lin and ______ the champion of the Mens Singles .
◆20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb .sth 向某人借某物borrow借入
lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 lend 借出
keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。
⑴ Can youlend me your bike ? = Can you ______ your bike ______ me ?
⑵ You canborrow some money ____ your brother . = You can borrowyourbrother ____ ____.
⑶ - How longcan I ______ the book ?
- You can _____ it for two weeks .
※类似用法的还有：buy have put on wear become be
leave be away from open be openbegin be on
die be deadreturn be back
① become Hehas ______ a doctor .
He has ______ a doctor for 10 years .
② begin Thefilm has ______ .
The film has _________ for ten minutes .