初中英语语法知识点之介词的固定搭配讲解
初中英语语法知识点之介词的固定搭配讲解 1. At be good at 精通于 be annoyed at 对烦恼 be angry at 对 (事) 发怒 (take) aim at 瞄准 laugh at 因而发笑 stare at 盯着看，凝视 at the best 充其量 at first 开始 at large 自由地 at least 至少，起码 at length 最后，终于 at once 立即，马上 at present 现在 at rest 休息，静止不动 at times 间或，有时 He was angry at his brothers remark. 他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。 I dont know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes. 我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。 The foreign countries attempt at a blockade of the port was unsuccessful. 外国试图对这个港口实施封锁，但没有成功。 I know I am at fault. 我知道我错了。 The escaped prisoner is still at large. 那逃犯仍逍遥法外。 He is at present away on his holidays. 他现在到外地度假去了。 2. About careful about 小心 particular about 对讲究 careless about 粗心 doubtful about 对怀疑 sure about 肯定 concerned about 担心 a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈 bring about 导致，引起 care about 关心，介意 leave about 乱放，乱扔 fuss about 大惊小怪 anxious about 担心，想念 例如： How did it come about? 那事是怎样发生的? She is crazy about pop music. 她对流行音乐着了迷。 English people are always making complaints about their weather. 英国人老是埋怨天气不好。 He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams. 他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。 Harry likes eating very much but he isnt very particular about the food he eats. 哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。 3. Against fight against 反对 immune against 免除 vote against 投票反对 protect against 保护免受 stand against 反对，经受住 an accusation against 控制，谴责 a prejudice against 偏见，万岁 guard against 防护 protest against 反对，抗议 rise against 起来反抗 run against 对不利，违反 strive against 和斗争 a defence against 防护，保卫 a protest against 抗议，反对 例如： I protest against their criticism. 我对他们的批评提出抗议。 He made a false accusation against his boss. 他诬告上司。 Those clothes dont give you much protection against the cold. 那些衣服不能使你御寒。 He should guard against passing on disease to his family. 他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。 By abide by 遵守 pull by 拉住 by mistake 弄错，失误 by virtue of 靠，由于 by means of 使用 by aid of 借助于 by way of 经由 by force 以武力，强迫地 by marriage 联姻而产生的 例如： He is by nature a kind, generous fellow. 他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。 They sent the letter to me by mistake. 他们误把那封信送给了我。 The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns. 古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。 By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased. 由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。 I probably know him by sight but not by name. 我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。 5. For competent for 胜任 for good 永远 for the sake of 为缘故 for the better 好转 for the purpose of 为目的 for a change 改变一下 for the time being 暂时 for fear of 免得 an affection for 爱，爱情 application for 申请 (make) preparation for 为作准备 blame for 责怪，责备 cause for 理由 readiness for 为准备就绪 an occasion for 时机，机会 contempt for 轻蔑，藐视 a demand for 需要，需求 evidence for 证据，根据 a fondness for 喜欢 a reason for 理由，原因 a respect for 尊敬，尊重 a search for 搜寻，找寻 例如： I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in. 我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。 She got up early to be ready for the post. 为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。 New York is famous for its skyscrapers. 纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。 His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed. 他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。 This new school will have no playground for the time being. 这所新学校将暂时没有操场。 If one does not have respect for oneself, one cant expect others to respect him. 如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。 Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain. 没有人确切知道地球的年龄。 6. From differ from 与不同，相异 dismiss from 解雇，使离职 infer from 从推论出 prevent from 阻止，防碍 protect from 保护以免 resign from 辞职 suffer from 受之苦 tell from 把与区分开来 from a distance 从远处，远远地 from the heart 诚心诚意地 from the first 从一开始 例如： You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. 你甚至可以到店里去避避雨。 From the first I disliked him. 从一开始我就不喜欢他。 The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased. 患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。 Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine. 爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。 assist in 帮助做某事 consist in 在于 engage in 从事，参与 give in 让步，妥协 specialize in 专攻，专门研究 take in 欺骗，收容 belief in 信仰，相信 a delight in 以为乐 an expert in 专家，能手 in fact 事实上 in the event of 万一 in ones opinion 据见解 in bloom 开着花 in the direction of 朝方向 in comparison with 与比较 in possession of 拥有，占有 in view of 由于，考虑到 in any event 无论如何 in the course of 在过程中 in short 简言之 believe in 信仰，信赖 end in 以告终 excel in (在某方面)突出地好 invest in 在投资 succeed in 在方面获得成功 participate in 参加 confidence in 信任，相信 difficulty in 困难，困境 pleasure in 高兴 a rise in 上涨，增长 (there is no) point in (做某事没)有意义 Theres no harm in 不妨 a specialist in 专家 an interest in 兴趣，关心 participation in 参加 trouble in 苦恼，麻烦 interested in 对感兴趣 fortunate in 有幸 constant in 对持久 lacking in 缺乏 expert in 在熟练 confident in 信任 in time 及时 in the interest of 为了利益 例如： We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again. 我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。 He listened in while we were discussing this question. 他窃听了我们讨论的这个问题。 In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation. 总之，我是不会接受邀请的。 We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds. 我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。 This shop specializes in tea and coffee. 这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。 He wants to have a rise in wages. 他想要增加工资。 In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population. 与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。 8. Into argue into 说服做 frighten into 恐吓做 plunge into 投身于 run into 碰见 turn into 把变成 divide into 把分成 translate into 把翻译成 force into 迫使做 crash into 撞到上 burst into 突然开始，爆发出 burst into 闯入 inquire into 调查 reason into 说服做 talk into 说服做 trick into 诱骗做 deceive into 欺骗去做 pull into 到达，开进 cut into 减轻，减少 change into 把变成 break into 突然闯入 例如： On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears. 一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。 The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat. 出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。 They frightened the old lady into signing the contract. 他们吓嘘老太太签了合同。 9. Of worthy of 值得 tired 厌倦 considerate of 体贴 aware of 知道 conscious of 认识到 proud of 骄傲 composed of 由组成 certain of 确信 regardless of 不管 fond of 喜爱 cautious of 小心 innocent of 清白，无罪 approve of 赞成，批准 consist of 由组成 inform of 通知 rob of 抢劫 convince of 使确信 deprive of 剥夺，使丧失 dispose of 处理 suspect of 怀疑 guilty of 犯罪 ignorant of 忽视 accuse of 控告(某人) assure of 使确信 hear of 听说 remind of 使想起，提醒 smell of 有气味 cure of 治愈病 die of 死于 speak of 谈到，提及 10. To access to 进入，通道 attention to 注意 exposure to 暴露 injury to 损伤，伤害 an objection to 反对 dedication to 献身，热爱 resistance to 阻力，抵抗 similarity to 类似，相似 similar to 相似，相同 indifferent to 不在乎 equal to 等于 devoted to 献身于 contrary to 违反，相反 adapt to 使习惯 amount to 相当于，等于 confess to 承认 owe to 把归功于 report to 报到 stick to 坚持 to a certain extent 在一定程度上 to ones satisfaction 使满意 to the utmost 尽力 an attitude to 态度 (attach) importance to 重视 a limit 限制 contribution to 贡献，捐助 a disgrace to 耻辱 a response to 反应，响应 a visit to 访问，拜访 relevant to 对有关 inferior to 比下等 grateful to 感激 insensitive to 迟钝 parellel to 平行 add to 增加，加强 belong to 属于 lead to 导致 prefer to 宁可，更喜欢 sentence to 宣判 turn to 求助于 to ones liking 合胃口 to ones face 当面 to ones benefit 对有益 to ones taste 合胃口 例如:He answered the questions to everybodys satisfaction. 他回答了问题，使人人都很满意。 The professor sometimes makes remarks that are not relevant to the topic.有时候那位教授训一些跟主题无关的话题。 I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反对这项计划，理由是费用过于庞大。 The paint came off as the result of exposure to the rain. 由于长期淋雨，油漆脱落了。 Your computer is similar to mine. 你的计算机与我的相似。 I sympathize with her only to a certain extent. 我只是在一定程度上同情她。 He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine. 他将一生献给了医学事业。 11. On advice on 忠告，意见 an attack on 袭击，攻击 dependence on 依靠，依赖 an emphasis on 强调，重点 (keep) an eye on 照看，注意 an influence on 影响 (have) mercy on 怜悯，对 时间介词的用法及辨异 表示时间的介词，在英语介词中占着相当重要的位置。在初中阶段英语教学过程中，已出现了许多用来表示时间的介词。其中有：at on in during for to till un til after by before等。本文着重谈一谈这些介词在表示时间的用法及它们之间的同异之处。 1.at on in at用来表示时间时，通常指时间的某一点。例如：at five oclock atnoon atmidnight on用来表示某一段时间，特指某天或某天的上午 下午或晚上。例如：on Sunday,on October,on Saturday morning. c)in也可用来表示一段时间，但多指长于一天或不到一天的时间段。例如：in January, in summer, in 1988, in the morning ,in the evening. 2.in during during用来表示一段时间，其意义大致相当于in的用法。一般来说，凡是能用in的地方，也可以用during.例如：He came to see me during my absence. .Dont go to see his wife in his absence. during与in的区别在于during强调时间的延续性，而in则只是一般指某一时间。试比较：They visited many cities during their stay in China. Her grandpa was killed in the war. 3.in for during in+时间与for+时间都可表示一段时间，但for+时间表示有多久，而in+时间则表示在何时。(例如：We worked there for the winter. They worked there in winter. 以上两例中，in winter强调在冬季，不一定包括整个冬季时间，而for the winter则强调整个冬天。 b)for用来表示一般时间，常跟具体的时间段。例如 for a few days for 3 weeks for five months等 since after since after 都可以用来引导表示从过去某一点开始的时间段词组。它们的不同之处在于： a)since引导的词组所表示的时间一直延续到说话时为止，因而要与现在完成时连用。例如：He has been there twice since 1982. I have done nothing since six oclock. b)after引导的词组所表示的时间是纯系过去，并不延续到说话时，因此要和一般过去时连用。例如：He went home after school. till until to 介词till/until常用于from.till/until结构中，表示一个动作的终结。介词to常用在from.to的结构中，用来表示一个阶段的终结。两者在这种结构中意义十分接近。例如：The Americans stayed here from June to September. He studies from morning till/until night everyday. b)to可用在表示钟点的词前。我们说Its six to five 但不能说Its six till/until five.反之在某些能用till/until的场合，却不能用to.例如：在not.until结构中，我们说I didnt go to bed till/until ten oclock.却不能说I didnt go to bed to ten oclock. c)till与until也有细微区别。till常用在非正式文体或口语中，而until则常用于正式文体及比较正式的场合。另外，在句首多用until. 6. by before by表示时间时，意思是到以前、不迟于、到时(为止)。例如：by supper time by the end of last term b)before表示时间，意为在以前。例如：before liberation the day before yesterday c)by与before的区别在于，by短语表示时间，强调终止点，而before短语表示时间，强调起始点。例如：Your son will be all right by suppertime. 句中的by suppertime表示从说话时到晚饭前这段时间。)而before构成短语则表示从某一时间或事件之前，例如：The poor children couldnt go to school beforeliberation.